Spatial data infrastructures for emergency services and security management

Autor: Bill, R.
In:

Integration of Information for Environmental Security

Autor: Gonca Coskun, H., Cigizoglu, H.K., Maktav, D.
Sachtitel_Bandes: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security
Ort: Heidelberg
Verlag: Springer
ISBN: 97814020656743
Seite: 247 - 259
Jahr: 2008

Einordung:
Institut: Professur Geodäsie und Geoinformatik

Abstract:
Spatial information plays a major role in case of an emergency or when taking security measures. In most of the developed countries spatial information exists, even in digital form in a more or less acceptable quality. Nevertheless the information is often hidden, is not recallable, may be because of data protection laws, does not fulfil current standards for information exchange or is not ready-to-use. Especially in cases where immediate decisions have to be taken, this situation concerning information availability and dissemination is not acceptable. Recent developments in spatial information systems and sciences may help to overcome such problems.

Emergency services such as fire brigades, ambulances, police forces, disaster control units, the military, primary control units for emergency and security services, sentries, etc. need information of high relevance, quality and timeliness to prepare decisions and to control the assignment and equipment in case of emergencies. One part of this information, may be the most important one, is related to space, because all of the emergency cases happen somewhere on local, regional, national and even international level (i.e. across borders, reference systems and organisation structures established in the individual countries).

The spatial information is needed in three phases of any emergency case: pro-active (before for planning scenarios, prognosis, and protection tasks), re-active (during to control and manage emergency units), post-active (afterwards for the reconstitution, risk management). Situation maps, evacuation plans, mobile routing of cars and persons, data fusion and data analysis are typical products needed.

In most countries of the world spatial data infrastructures (SDI, in Germany for instance GDI.DE) are under development. Even on a global (e.g. GSDI, ESDI resp. INSPIRE in Europe) and regional (e.g. GDI.NRW) or municipality level the setup of SDIs is in progress. They consist of technical, organisational and judical components, including spatial information resources (geoinformation, meta information and geoservices) and allow users to interact based on common standards without hindrances. The dissemination of the spatial information is based on web services in the Internet. Norms for the spatial information description are passed by the ISO (International Standardisation Organisation), specifications are defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and implemented in many GIS products on the market. The contribution will define the current status of these developments and will identify the future research and development demands.

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